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Explanatory Style and Learned Optimism Interventions
Explanatory style refers to the way an individual habitually makes sense of life events. Fortunately, these attributional habits can be changed. People can be taught to interpret events in more positive ways through a process known as learned optimism. Interventions often focus on skills like recognizing and avoiding thinking traps, questioning negative beliefs, and relaxation. Training in healthier attribution habits has been proven to make people less vulnerable to depression. Examples of such interventions include the Penn Resiliency Program and the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program.
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Explanatory Style and Learned Optimism Interventions
Character Strengths
Practicing Gratitude
Three Dimensions of Attribution for Negative Events
Depressive vs. Non-Depressive Attributional Styles
A student who performs poorly on a single math test concludes, "I failed because I'm just not a math person and I never will be. This is going to ruin my chances of getting into a good college." How would this student's explanation for the failure be characterized?
An individual who was recently laid off from their job states, 'I lost my job because I'm simply not smart enough. This always happens to me, and it proves I'm a failure at everything I try.' Based on the dimensions of explanatory style, how is this individual attributing their job loss?
Explanatory Style and Learned Optimism Interventions
Learn After
The Penn Resiliency Program
The Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program
A student receives a low score on a major project. They immediately think, 'I'm a complete failure. This proves I'm not smart enough for this course, and it's going to ruin my entire semester.' This single thought leads them to feel hopeless and lose motivation for their other classes. Based on this internal response, which of the following strategies would most directly address the root cause of the student's distress and help them build a more resilient mindset?
Analyzing and Reframing Negative Thought Patterns
Training in Healthy Attribution Habits (Konnikova Study)