Concept

Expressing Unknowns Using a Known Total

When the total number of items in a collection is known and the items come in exactly two types, the count of the second type can be found by subtracting the count of the first type from the total. If the total is a specific number and one type is represented by xx, the other type is represented by totalx\text{total} - x.

For example, suppose a seller sold a total of 100100 tickets, each being either an adult ticket or a child ticket. If the number of child tickets sold is known, the number of adult tickets is found by subtracting from 100100:

Child ticketsAdult tickets
2080
4555
7525
xx100x100 - x

In each row, the same reasoning applies: subtract the number of child tickets from 100100 to get the number of adult tickets. Generalizing with a variable, if xx child tickets were sold, then 100x100 - x adult tickets were sold.

This approach differs from situations where one quantity is described relative to the other (such as "five more than" or "three times as many"). Here, both quantities are linked through a known total rather than through a direct comparison between the two unknowns, and the subtraction expression totalx\text{total} - x captures that relationship.

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Updated 2026-05-02

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