This includes behavior directed towards others such as aggression, psychopathology, delinquency, and oppositional/defiant and conduct disorder.

New Mexico Highlands University

This includes attack other and avoidance. These strategies can lead to externalizing disorders. External shame had a direct, positive association with all of the shame-coping strategies, and anxiety and hostility.  It also had a positive association with verbal aggression, physical aggression, and anger. 

Externalizing Shame Coping Strategies

This may relate to attack self and attack other shame coping strategies. Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) include anger/irritation, argumentativeness/defiance, and vindictiveness. Symptoms of Conduct Disorder (CD) include aggressive behavior, dishonesty or theft, destruction of property, and serious violation of rules.

Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders

Paulo, M., Vagos, P., Ribeiro Da Silva, D., & Rijo, D. (2020). The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(4), 578–597. https://doi-org.proxy.wichita.edu/10.1080/17405629.2019.1682991

The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents

Externalizing Behaviors from Shame

This involves expressing anger outwardly at the source of shame. 

Attack Other as a Shame Coping Strategy

This includes distracting yourself and others from the shameful situation. This associated with verbal aggression. 

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