Concept

Fear, Hope, and the Uncertainty of Destiny in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 23, Poem 8)

In Chapter 23, Poem 8 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar explores the spiritual state of being suspended between fear and hope (خوف و رجا). The poem uses the metaphor of a game piece landing on a board (مهره چون بنشیند) to illustrate the fundamental uncertainty of the soul's ultimate destiny. Whether the seeker sits in sorrow or in hope of a guide, they remain trapped in this impasse until the very end of their journey, emphasizing that one's spiritual outcome is only truly revealed at the final moment.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course