Figure 4.17: Responder Acceptance Rates in the Kenyan/US Ultimatum Game
Figure 4.17 is a bar chart displaying the acceptance rates of Responders from two groups, Kenyan farmers and US students, for various offers in an ultimatum game. The height of each bar indicates the percentage of Responders who accepted a specific offer. The data highlights that while a 50% offer was universally accepted, acceptance of lower offers varied significantly between the groups. For instance, a 40% offer was accepted by 89% of farmers, making it a relatively safe offer for Proposers in that group. In contrast, a low offer of 10% was accepted by 58% of students but only 2% of farmers, illustrating the farmers' strong tendency to reject what they perceive as unfair proposals.
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Ch.4 Strategic interactions and social dilemmas - The Economy 2.0 Microeconomics @ CORE Econ
The Economy 2.0 Microeconomics @ CORE Econ
Introduction to Microeconomics Course
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Comparison of Proposer Offers: Kenyan Farmers vs. US Students
Disentangling Cultural, Occupational, and National Influences in Ultimatum Game Behavior
In an economic experiment, a 'Proposer' offers a split of a sum of money to a 'Responder'. If the Responder accepts, they both get the money as proposed; if the Responder rejects, both get nothing. When comparing US students and Kenyan farmers as Responders, researchers found that while a 50% offer was accepted by nearly everyone, farmers were far more likely than students to reject offers of 30% or less. Which of the following statements best analyzes the behavior of the Kenyan farmers?
Interpreting Economic Behavior
Critiquing Interpretations of Economic Experiments
Consider a bargaining scenario where a 'Proposer' offers a split of a sum of money, and a 'Responder' can either accept the deal or reject it, in which case neither person gets anything. In a study comparing two distinct cultural groups, Group A (Kenyan farmers) was far more likely to reject low offers (e.g., 20% of the total sum) than Group B (US students). Based on this outcome, one can definitively conclude that individuals in Group A are less motivated by personal monetary gain than individuals in Group B.
Explaining Behavioral Differences in Economic Games
In a bargaining scenario, a 'Proposer' offers to split a sum of money with a 'Responder'. The Responder can accept the offer, or reject it, in which case neither person receives anything. An experiment found that while almost all participants from both groups accepted a 50% offer, Kenyan farmers were much more likely to reject a low offer (e.g., 20%) than US students. A critic of the study argues, 'This result simply shows that the farmers are irrational because any rational person would accept any amount of money rather than get nothing.' Which of the following provides the strongest counter-argument to this critic's claim?
In a one-shot bargaining game, a 'Proposer' offers a split of a sum of money, and a 'Responder' can accept or reject it. If rejected, neither party gets anything. An experiment compared two culturally distinct groups of Responders, 'Group A' and 'Group B'. Match each behavioral pattern observed in the experiment to its most likely underlying driver.
Strategic Proposing in a Bargaining Game
Predicting Behavior in Economic Games
Designing an Experiment to Isolate Motivations
Influence of Social Preferences on Responder Behavior in the Ultimatum Game
Offer Structure in the Kenyan/US Ultimatum Game Experiment
Figure 4.17: Responder Acceptance Rates in the Kenyan/US Ultimatum Game
Learn After
Source Study: Costly Punishment Across Human Societies (Henrich et al., 2006)
In an economic experiment, a 'Proposer' offers to split a sum of money with a 'Responder'. The Responder can either accept the proposed split, in which case both get the money, or reject it, in which case neither person gets anything. When this experiment was conducted with two different groups, the results showed a significant difference: for a low offer (e.g., 20% of the total sum), a large majority of US students accepted the offer, whereas a large majority of Kenyan farmers rejected it. Which of the following statements best analyzes this outcome?
Evaluating Rationality in Economic Decisions
Designing a Community Grant Program
Interpreting Experimental Economic Data
In an economic game, a 'Proposer' offers a split of a sum of money to a 'Responder'. If the Responder accepts, they both get the money as proposed. If the Responder rejects, neither gets anything. Experimental data for a group of US students shows that 58% of them accept an offer of 10% of the total sum, while nearly 100% accept an offer of 30%.
Based on this data, a Proposer's strategy to maximize their own expected monetary payout would be to offer the students 10% of the sum.
In an economic experiment, a 'Proposer' offers a 'Responder' a portion of a total sum of money. The Responder can accept, and both parties get the proposed split, or reject, and neither party gets anything. The experiment was conducted with two distinct groups: US students and Kenyan farmers. Match each proposed offer level with the observed acceptance behavior of the Responders in the two groups.
In an economic experiment, a 'Proposer' offers a 'Responder' a share of a sum of money. If the Responder accepts, they both get the money as proposed; if they reject, neither gets anything. When this experiment was conducted with two groups, Kenyan farmers and US students, a key difference emerged. For an offer of 30% of the total sum, nearly all US students accepted, while almost half of the Kenyan farmers rejected it. This suggests that, compared to the US students, the Kenyan farmers placed a higher value on ____ when making their decision, even at the cost of receiving no money.
Strategic Offer Calculation in a Mixed Population
In an economic experiment, a 'Proposer' is given $10 and must offer a portion to a 'Responder'. If the Responder accepts the offer, the money is split as proposed. If the Responder rejects the offer, neither person receives any money. The Proposer knows they are interacting with a Responder from a group whose acceptance behavior has been previously studied, as shown below:
- An offer of $3 (30% of the total) is accepted 52% of the time.
- An offer of $4 (40% of the total) is accepted 95% of the time.
- An offer of $5 (50% of the total) is accepted 100% of the time.
Assuming the Proposer's sole goal is to maximize their own expected monetary payout, which of the following offers should they make?
Critiquing Interpretations of Economic Behavior
In an experiment, participants acting as 'Responders' could accept or reject a proposed split of a sum of money from a 'Proposer'. If the Responder rejects the offer, neither person gets anything. The results from two different groups, Kenyan farmers and US students, are summarized below:
- For an offer of 50% of the total sum, acceptance was nearly 100% in both groups.
- For an offer of 30%, nearly all students accepted, but almost half of the farmers rejected it.
- For an offer of 10%, a majority of students still accepted, while almost all farmers rejected it.
Based on these results, what is the most logical conclusion about the factors influencing the Responders' decisions?
Evaluating Rationality in an Economic Experiment
Applying Experimental Findings in an Economic Game
Interpreting Experimental Economic Data
In an economic experiment, two groups (Kenyan farmers and US students) acted as 'Responders' who could accept or reject a proposed split of a sum of money. If they rejected the offer, no one received any money. The results showed that for low offers (e.g., 10% of the total sum), farmers were far more likely to reject the offer than students. A valid interpretation of this outcome is that the farmers' group demonstrated a weaker understanding of the optimal strategy for maximizing their individual monetary gain in this specific scenario.
In an economic experiment, 'Responders' from two groups (Kenyan farmers and US students) could accept or reject a proposed split of a sum of money. If an offer was rejected, neither person received any money. Match each proposed offer level to the corresponding experimental outcome observed for the two groups.
In an economic experiment where 'Responders' could accept or reject a proposed split of money, the finding that Kenyan farmers rejected low offers much more frequently than US students suggests that the farmers placed a higher value on ____ than on maximizing their immediate monetary gain.
In an economic experiment, 'Responders' from two groups (Kenyan farmers and US students) could accept or reject a proposed split of a sum of money. The acceptance rates for various offers were recorded as follows:
- 10% Offer: Accepted by 58% of students and 2% of farmers.
- 20% Offer: Accepted by 70% of students and 25% of farmers.
- 30% Offer: Accepted by 98% of students and 55% of farmers.
- 40% Offer: Accepted by 100% of students and 90% of farmers.
Arrange these offers in order, from the one with the smallest difference in acceptance rates between the two groups to the one with the largest difference.
Evaluating Policy Based on Experimental Economic Behavior
In an economic experiment, a 'Proposer' offers a split of a sum of money to a 'Responder'. If the Responder accepts, the money is split as proposed. If the Responder rejects, neither person receives anything. The experiment was conducted with two distinct Responder groups: US students and Kenyan farmers, with the following results:
- US students had a high acceptance rate for low offers (e.g., an offer of 30% of the total sum was accepted nearly 100% of the time).
- Kenyan farmers had a high rejection rate for low offers (e.g., an offer of 30% was rejected by nearly half the farmers).
- An offer of 50% was accepted by nearly everyone in both groups.
Assuming a Proposer's goal is to maximize their own earnings, which of the following describes the most logical strategic adjustment for a Proposer based on which group their Responder is from?