A model of traditional psychiatric nosology, wherein an individual’s observable characteristics of a presenting mental issue are organized into the “syndromes” that define said mental disorder; syndromes are thereby categorized by symptoms. This model posits; individuals share identical syndromes when symptoms are similar, indicating assumption that symptoms are produced due to the same underlying etiological reasons, which are expressed through specific characteristics.

The Latent disease model of psychiatry

An alternative model to the model of latent disease. Targeted psychological problems based on the idiographic application of behavioral principles to specific individuals’ personal cases. Opened the door to scientific analysis of thoughts and feelings, wherein all psychological actions were believed to accurately reflect a common history and argued to be scientifically significant, but there was a lack of attention given to addressing private experiences which were overshadowed by analysis of overt action. 

Era of behavior therapy

When the central focus was placed on classification of mental disorders into distinct, discrete categories, of which adverse symptoms were targeted to change. Processes moved by evidence-based intervention protocols. 

Syracuse University

History of the research and practical program of the cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBTs) began with a person- specific process orientation, which has once again become a critical element of CBT intervention. The transitional developments of the therapy have been fostered by “third wave” of CBTs, which has raised a number of new underlying processes of change.



History of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

SG;, H. S. C. H. (n.d.). "third-wave" cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34505370/?fc=None&amp;ff=20211014202414&amp;v=2.15.0. 

"Third-wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry

First wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

The key concept of the second era of CBT maintained that maladaptive cognitions are the main contributor to the occurrence of emotional distress and behavioral issues. Maladaptive cognitions include the following; general beliefs & schemas about the world, self and future, facilitating automatic thought processes in specific situations. The basic model of CBT poses therapeutic strategies to alter maladaptive cognition can result in alleviation of emotional distress & dysfunctional behaviors. 

The second wave of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Person-focused, evidence-based care models that target core change processes based on testable theories. Growing concerns within the behavioral and cognitive field brought attention to the need for theoretical and philosophical development within the respective domains. Period of serious and rapid deconstruction of previous theories and rise in change-based processes, which focused on the function of cognition and emotion, rather than their form. CBT is currently an over-encompassing term for a variety of different philosophical assumptions, targeted processes, intervention approaches and philosophies.

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