Alternative interpretations of biological models, following psychiatry closely through creating specific protocols for syndromes to be tested in line with latent disease model. The lack of emphasis placed on methodologically adequate research on the actual change meant that the CBT models were much more concerned in the syndrome then the actual mechanisms or processes behind it, hence due to a diminished focus on precision, inconsistent & contradictory theoretical approaches marked second wave CBT and instead was associated with “the golden era of protocols for syndromes”. 



Second wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Cognitive models

The key concept of the second era of CBT maintained that maladaptive cognitions are the main contributor to the occurrence of emotional distress and behavioral issues. Maladaptive cognitions include the following; general beliefs & schemas about the world, self and future, facilitating automatic thought processes in specific situations. The basic model of CBT poses therapeutic strategies to alter maladaptive cognition can result in alleviation of emotional distress & dysfunctional behaviors. 

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History of the research and practical program of the cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBTs) began with a person- specific process orientation, which has once again become a critical element of CBT intervention. The transitional developments of the therapy have been fostered by “third wave” of CBTs, which has raised a number of new underlying processes of change.



History of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

SG;, H. S. C. H. (n.d.). "third-wave" cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34505370/?fc=None&amp;ff=20211014202414&amp;v=2.15.0. 

"Third-wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry

When the central focus was placed on classification of mental disorders into distinct, discrete categories, of which adverse symptoms were targeted to change. Processes moved by evidence-based intervention protocols. 

First wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

The second wave of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Person-focused, evidence-based care models that target core change processes based on testable theories. Growing concerns within the behavioral and cognitive field brought attention to the need for theoretical and philosophical development within the respective domains. Period of serious and rapid deconstruction of previous theories and rise in change-based processes, which focused on the function of cognition and emotion, rather than their form. CBT is currently an over-encompassing term for a variety of different philosophical assumptions, targeted processes, intervention approaches and philosophies.

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