Peak brain region areas for mentalizing across the 6 considered studies appear to be medial prefrontal cortex, temporal parietal junction above the superior temporal gyrus, and temporal poles adjacent to the amygdala. However, at the time of this review, no studies were found connecting these three regions and their role in mentalizing.

Mentalizing failure could be linked to structural abnormalities in one or more regions of the system, as shown in Abell et al. 1999 and Happe et al. 1996, where differences in amount of gray matter and activation were noted. Decreased gray matter and activation in the anterior parts of the system, in particular the paracingulate sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus. Increases of gray matter were observed in the posterior parts, particularly in the peri-amygdaloid cortex and the middle temporal and inferior temporal gyrus. This suggests amygdala dysfunction in ASD as a potential component on mind blindness.