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Functional Relationship Between Independent and Dependent Variables
In experimental research, the dependent variable is expected to change as a direct function of the independent variable. This means the value or state of the dependent variable is contingent upon the manipulation of the independent variable. A helpful way to conceptualize this relationship is by asking the question: 'What effect does the independent variable have on the dependent variable?'
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Ch.2 Psychological Research - Psychology @ OpenStax
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Introduction to Psychology @ OpenStax Course
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OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook
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Example of an Experiment: Note-Taking Method and Learning Performance
Functional Relationship Between Independent and Dependent Variables
A researcher conducts a study to determine if the amount of sleep affects problem-solving skills. One group of participants is allowed to sleep for eight hours, while a second group is only allowed to sleep for four hours. The next morning, both groups are given the same set of puzzles to solve, and the researcher records how many puzzles each participant completes correctly. In this study, what is the independent variable?
Identifying Experimental Variables
Extraneous Variable
Treatment
Non-Experimental Research
Non-Manipulated Independent Variable
Operational Definition
Experimental Manipulation
Experimental Condition
Internal Validity
Manipulation Check
Null Result
In an experimental research study, how is an independent variable defined?