A common model (figure 1a) used to explain the factors that form collective delusions suggests that individual learning and social learning are two separate paths that can lead to collective delusions. A study done by Justin Sulik, Charles Efferson, and Ryan McKay suggests that there is a third pathway (as shown in figure 1b) that extends from social learning and connects to individual learning. This pathway showing the contribution of social learning to individual learning may explain why collective delusions are robust to disconfirming evidence or how they are maintained even when costly to the individuals holding those misbeliefs.