Bacterial vaginosis is usually diagnosed by thin white-to-yellow vaginal discharge. Burning, fishy odor, and itching is also associated with this infection. 

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

In bacterial vaginosis infections, *Gardnerella vaginalis* forms a biofilm on the vaginal epithelial cells. It also makes a cytotoxin that can lyse the vaginal cells and red blood cells.

Virulence factors of *Gardnerella vaginalis*

*Gardnerella vaginalis* is a pleomorphic bacteria that has a variable form from gram-negative to gram-variable. *G. vaginalis* is normal vaginal microbiota, but when *Lactobacillus* species decreases due to a change in higher pH levels, *G. vaginalis* becomes more prevalent and causes bacterial vaginosis. 

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota. There is no inflammation of the vagina in bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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