The performance differences between genders in math-intensive science fields. 

San Jose State University

Women in the United States are underrepresented in math-intensive STEM fields: 
- mathematics and statistics
- computer and information sciences
- engineering
- physical and technological sciences
- Other scientific fields

Gender Gap in Math-Intensive STEM Fields 

Ceci, S. J., & Williams, W. M. (2011). Understanding current causes of women's underrepresentation in science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(8), 3157-3162.

Understanding current causes of women's underrepresentation in science

Factors influencing female decisions to opt out of math-intensive STEM fields:
- cognitive 
- motivational 

Potential factors :
- developmental period
- Biological & sociocultural 

Factors Causing Underrepresentation of Women in Math-Intensive STEM Fields.  

- Continue to focus on building STEM abilities
- focus more on enhancing female interest in STEM subjects
- Intervene at earlier grades to light interest
- Break down stereotypes
- Highlight the importance of hard work vs. talent
- use innovate techniques to teach STEM (i.e. storytelling)
- Communicate how STEM expertise will translate to a career
- Spotlight female role models in STEM
- Make necessary familial accommodations


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