During periods of stress, the brain increases the secretion of glutamate, a key neurotransmitter. This heightened glutamate activity facilitates the memory consolidation of the stressful event, allowing humans and animals to more effectively remember the situation.

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According to arousal theory, the intensity of an emotional experience dictates the strength of the corresponding memory. Powerful emotional events prompt the brain to release hormones and neurotransmitters that enhance memory consolidation, resulting in more durable and vivid recollections than those of neutral experiences. Conversely, events that elicit weak emotional responses tend to produce less robust memories.

Arousal Theory in Memory

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

The flashbulb memory phenomenon describes the experience of forming an exceptionally vivid and detailed memory of the circumstances surrounding a momentous or emotionally charged event. This phenomenon is often cited as evidence supporting arousal theory, which links strong emotional experiences to the formation of strong, lasting memories.

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