Graphical Representation of the Relationship between Perceived Test Score & Ability vs. Actual Test Score & Performance. 

Perceived grammar ability and test performance as a function of actual test performance (Study 3).

In another experiment, participants were asked to identify grammatical errors in a passage. Once again, participants who performed poorly on the task overestimated their grammar skills, while those who performed well underestimated their skills.

Emory University

Dunning and Kruger explored their predictions of the DK Effect through 4 studies designed to assess the participants' abilities and test performance in a particular domain. 

1. Logical Reasoning Experiment(Study 2 & 4)

2. Grammar Skills Experiment(Study 3)

3. Humor Assessment Experiment(Study 1)

The Original Experiments Conducted by Dunning and Kruger

Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77 6, 1121-34 .

Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments.

In one experiment, participants were given a test that measured their logical reasoning abilities. After completing the test, they were asked to estimate their performance relative to others. The researchers found that participants who performed poorly on the test significantly overestimated their performance, while those who performed well tended to underestimate their performance.

Logical Reasoning Experiment (Study 2 & 4)

Grammar Skills Experiment (Study 3)

In a different experiment, participants were asked to rate their own sense of humor by providing captions for cartoons. These captions were then rated by independent judges. The results showed that participants who provided the least funny captions had the most inflated self-assessments of their humor abilities. 

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