The volume of certain regions of the cerebellum is associated with postural sway. Specifically, postural sway has a strong positive relationship with the regional volume of the right posterior cerebellum. Additionally, performance in motor-related tasks is positively associated with cerebellar gray matter density. In other words, people with more gray matter in their cerebellum tend to be less coordinated.

The Cerebellum and Postural Sway

Gray matter contains a preponderance of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, and it is devoid of myelin. It receives and processes information in the brain.

Miami University of Ohio

Hofstra University

New York University

Cerebrum

People with schizophrenia often have larger ventricles. In their frontal lobe, they may also have less grey matter, which can impact their ability to execute behavior, talk, and focus.

Brain Anatomy and Schizophrenia

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Also known as just cortex, it is made of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and axons. 
Due to different anatomical and functional differences, the major cortical regions have been divided into 4 categories:
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe. 

They have been named after the bones of the skull that overlie them. There are boundaries between these lobes known as central and lateral sulcus. 

Any injuries that lead to impairment of the cortex can be dangerous 

Cerebral cortex

These two arteries are branches of the internal carotid arteries and supply blood  to the anterior and medial regions of the cerebral hemispheres. 

Anterior cerebral arteries

These two arteries branch off of the internal carotid arteries and supply the lateral areas of the cerebral hemispheres. 

Middle cerebral arteries

These two arteries are branches of the basilar artery and supply the posterior area of the brain and parts of the cerebellum and brainstem. 

Posterior cerebral arteries

It is pale colored layer which is underneath the cortex and contains axonal fiber tracts. It also has whitish fatty myelin that covers and insulates the axons of neurons. It mostly transmit information to other locations. 

White Matter

The superior longitudinal fasciculus is a bilateral white-matter pathway that represents one of the brain's major rostro-caudal fiber pathways. In vivo imaging of the superior longitudinal fasciculus  in humans with diffusion tensor imaging has led to a broad division into three major subcomponents, connecting more dorsal temporo-parietal areas with numerous (mostly lateral) prefrontal regions.

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

Gray matter

The corpus callosum is a substantial bundle of neural fibers, containing approximately 200 million axons, that serves as the primary connection between the brain's two hemispheres. Its function is to facilitate communication between the hemispheres, enabling information processed in one half of the brain to be shared with the other.

Corpus Callosum

A patient undergoes a procedure that severs the thick band of nerve fibers connecting the two large, superior hemispheres of the brain. Afterward, an image of a common object is flashed exclusively to the patient's left visual field. Based on the typical functional specializations of the brain's hemispheres, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

A patient undergoes a surgical procedure that severs the thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two large, wrinkled hemispheres of the brain. In a subsequent experiment, an image of a spoon is briefly shown only to the patient's left visual field. When asked what they saw, how is the patient most likely to respond, and why?

Hemispheric Communication Breakdown

Located at the front of the brain and extending back to the central sulcus. It receives signals from all senses in order to coordinate them. Also involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, language, and higher cognitive functions such as thinking, speech and problem solving.
It contains Broca's area, the Prefrontal Cortex, and the Motor Cortex.

Frontal Lobe

Ventricles are a part of the human brain. They are responsible for holding cerebral spinal fluid. Schizophrenia patients often have large ventricles. Ventricles taking up more space can also imply that other parts of the brain are reduced (or deducted) in terms of their size. 

Ventricles in the Brain

Based on the provided case study, explain how the patient's specific brain scan findings are likely related to their observed behavioral and cognitive difficulties.

Learn Before

Related

Learn After