University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Alpha coronaviruses

The types of common human coronaviruses are:
1. HCoV-229E (alpha coronavirus)
2. HCoV-NL63 (alpha coronavirus)
3. HCoV-OC43 (beta coronavirus)
4. HCoV-HKU1 (beta coronavirus)

Types of common Coronaviruses

Ogimi, C., Kim, Y. J., Martin, E. T., Huh, H. J., Chiu, C. H., & Englund, J. A. (2020). What’s New With the Old Coronaviruses?. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.
https://academic.oup.com/jpids/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jpids/piaa037/5823148

What’s New With the Old Coronaviruses?

HCov-229E

It is among the four identified coronaviruses which are known to continuously circulate in the human population, especially in young children. HCoV-NL63 was first isolated in Amsterdam in 2004 from the nasopharyngeal aspirate of a seven-month old child; the patient presented with symptoms suggesting respiratory tract infection (coryza, conjunctivitis, and fever), while his chest X-ray showed typical features of bronchiolitis

HCov-NL63

HCoV-OC43 is the most common species. A large prospective surveillance study conducted in Norway from 2006 to 2015 that enrolled all hospitalized children aged ≤16 years with respiratory tract infections revealed that HCoVs OC43 and NL63
were detected most frequently and were epidemic every second winter. HCoV-HKU1 was prevalent every second winter during the year when detection rates for HCoVs OC43 and NL63 were low; HCoV-229E was the least common.

Common Coronaviruses outbreak frequency

HCoV-OC43 was transmitted to humans about 1890.
HCoVs OC43 were isolated from nasal cavities of people with the common cold in the 1960s. In the 1970s, studies that used serology and viral culture linked OC43 with 8% of cases of lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) in hospitalized infants.

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