* First Stage: Pseudo-Independence
- White people begin to redefine their racial identity in more positive way
- Attempt to understand the Black culture and interact more with Blacks (often within a White cultural framework)
- Not been able to step outside of white cultural frame of reference
* Second Stage:  Immersion/emersion
- Look for correct information regarding the participation in a racist society
- Shift focus from paternalism to helping other Whites change
* Third Stage: Autonomy 
- Constitutes an ongoing process in which people internalize a positive racial identity
- Engage people from other cultures
- Able to identify oppressive structures 

University of Connecticut

* First Section:
-  The stages that describe the process of abandoning racism 
- (contact, disintegration, and reintegration)

* Second Section:
- Describe the development of a positive White identity 
- (pseudo-independence, immersion/emersion, and autonomy)

Helms's Racial Identity Model of White Racial Identity Development

* First Stage: Contact
- White people first meet a Black person
- No enough information or interaction with Black people
- Do not recognize any real differences between a Black or White cultural experience
* Second Stage: Disintegration:
- Whites interact with more Blacks and learn about Black culture
- Characterized by anxiety as Whites begin to realize their ethnicity and its associated privilege
- Experience cognitive dissonance between the beliefs, values, and behavior 
- Experience guilt and fear which may prompt to Next Stage: Reintegration
* Third Stage: Reintegration
- Emotions are transformed into anger toward Black people and a feeling of their own racial superiority
- Some conflicts shift an individual from this racist phase.

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