- First HIV positive patient from Wuhan, China
- 5 more HIV positive patients reported in Spain
- 4 of them were virologically suppressed which caused upper respiratory tract infections as well as viral pneumonia
- In HIV Spanish patients, all were younger than 50
- None died at the time of publishing this paper
- By treating patients with HIV medication, supplementary immune assistance for patients with deficient levels, and SARS-CoV-2 treatment, most have made a full recovery

COVID-19 in patients with HIV: clinical case series

- This paper details how the first person with COVID-19 and HIV had a different experience with testing and treatment
- This patient contracted COVID-19 from the epicenter in Wuhan, China
- They initially were admitted with fewer typical symptoms, only displaying a low-grade fever (37.2 C) and right lower pneumonia, but tested negative 3 times from nasal swab tests
- They were later blood tested and abnormally low plasma antibody count and extremely high immunoglobulin M were found when compared to other patients with COVID-19
- This person’s partner, also HIV positive and on antiviral treatment, consistently tested negative to COVID-19 and this leads researchers to believe that some HIV treating drugs are effective for the treatment or at least prevention of COVID-19


Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

- This study details the outcomes of persons living with HIV and COVID-19 in the New York City healthcare system
- Persons involved with the study were identified through positive COVID-19 tests from 5 hospitals local to New York City
- 2% of patients, or 88 individuals, hospitalized with COVID-19 were persons with HIV
- Most individuals were of Black or Hispanic descent
- Most patients (58%) with both COVID-19 and HIV were assessed to have a CD4 level of less than 200 cells/mm³ upon admission
- Recovery time of patients with HIV was seen to be only slightly faster than those without which may be attributed to regular usage of antiviral drugs
- Overall, the conditions of most patients with comorbid HIV and COVID-19 who also had their HIV under control with antivirals had similar rates of death, continued hospitalization, and hospital discharge
- However, patients with HIV due to organ transplantation saw significantly higher rates of mortality

Coronavirus 2019 and People Living With Human
Immunodeficiency Virus: Outcomes for Hospitalized
Patients in New York City

- This is a case study detailing a 63 y/o woman from Brazil and her COVID-19 and HIV comorbidity
- Patient was diagnosed in 2005 with HIV and has been on a consistent combination of antitretroviral drugs to control the HIV
- Patient also has hypertension which is also under control
- Patient was admitted with common COVID-19 symptoms, but after blood testing, patient was found to have normal white blood cell count, elevated C-reactive protein, total creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. No signs of hypoxemia on admittance
- Chest x-ray showed signs of opacities in middle thirds of both lungs and nasal swab test came back positive for COVID-19
- Patient remained in hospital on oxygen and received amoxicillin/clavulanate for 7 days
- Patient made full recovery without the need for ICU care
- This case still remains to be the only reported case of HIV and COVID-19 comorbidity in Brazil

COVID-19 pneumonia in an HIV-positive woman on antiretroviral therapy and undetectable viral load in Porto Alegre, Brazil – Case Study

- This paper details a case study of an Ethiopian woman in the USA with a COVID-19 and HIV comorbidity who was tested for IFN-I response and T cell activation brought upon by the coinfection
- Patient was given nose swab test which they tested positive to COVID-19 with and was admitted to the hospital with fever and elevated pulse
- Patients additionally tested negative for a viral blood pneumonia test upon entry and all blood immune levels appeared normal
- There was COVID-19 like lung spotting present as well as characteristic pneumonia spotted from lung scans
- Patient was hospitalized for 14 days and kept on oxygen, upon day 14 they tested negative via 2 nasal swabs 24 hours apart
- Additionally, over hospital stay IFN expression and T cell activation remained at normal levels

Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection - United States

Ohio State University, Columbus

Smith College

- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19
- The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective (General Summary of HIV and COVID-19 Interaction)
- Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic
- HIV in COVID-19 Patients by Geographic Location
- COVID-19 and HIV Coinfection

HIV as a Comorbidity of COVID-19

- Due to COVID-19, testing, diagnosis, and care for HIV patients is in a limbo
- HIV patients should use extra care when it comes to social distancing, quarantine, and community containment measure
- Initiation of antiviral therapies for HIV at hospitals are also at risk due to HIV infected patients limited access to hospitals because of COVID-19 measures
- Continuation of antiviral therapies for HIV are also hindered due to lockdowns which force HIV patients to stay home when they need to go to a hospital for treatment
- In response to these challenges, several disease organizations have put in measures such as mail in orders or local smaller facility contained antiviral therapy treatment, limiting HIV patients to those who may have COVID-19
- Antiviral therapies related to HIV in some countries have also been lowered in price or even made free so that HIV patients may be able to continue their treatment
- These solutions are only really temporary and there needs to be a more permanent solution put in place for these high risk patients


Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic

HIV in COVID-19 Patients by Geographic Location

- The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective (General Summary of HIV and COVID-19 Interaction)
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19
- COVID-19 pneumonia in an HIV-positive woman on antiretroviral therapy and undetectable viral load in Porto Alegre, Brazil – Updates on Interactions July 2020

General Summaries and Updated Research on HIV and COVID Interactions

- New HIV diagnoses in patients with COVID-19: two case reports and a brief literature review
- COVID-19 in HIV: a Review of Published Case Reports

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