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Hope, Fear, and Divine Self-Sufficiency in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 30, Poem 1)
In Chapter 30, Poem 1 of Mokhtar Nameh, Fariduddin Attar highlights the stark contrast between human emotional vulnerability and divine independence. While the human heart is constantly divided and tormented by worldly 'hope and fear', a deeper contemplation of ultimate reality reveals the immense self-sufficiency (Istighna) of the Divine. This reflects a central Sufi theme where human anxieties are ultimately overshadowed by the absolute majesty and independence of God from all creation.
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Updated 2026-07-05
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course