This includes depression, anxiety, and self-harm, and tends to be found more in females. 

Internalizing and Self-Destructive Behaviors from Shame

This means tolerating the shameful situation, but experiencing internal anger. People who do this see the shame as negative and valid. This strategy has a positive association with internalizing symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and stress.


Attack Self as a Shame Coping Strategy

This means to have aggressive thoughts towards others, and can be passive-aggressive, like dreaming of revenge.

New Mexico Highlands University

This means avoiding the shameful situation. People who use this strategy see the shame as negative and valid. This strategy had a positive association with hostility and internalizing symptoms of depression and stress. The withdrawal shame-coping strategy had a negative association with externalizing symptoms like verbal aggression. 


Withdrawal as a Shame Coping Strategy

Paulo, M., Vagos, P., Ribeiro Da Silva, D., & Rijo, D. (2020). The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(4), 578–597. https://doi-org.proxy.wichita.edu/10.1080/17405629.2019.1682991

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