To produce example (2), the speaker needs to know only one Spanish word. But, to produce example (1), the speaker has to know what word order and case marker to use, and which languages they should be drawn from.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

inform code-switching in multilingual contexts

A Survey of Code-switching: Linguistic and Social Perspectives for Language Technologie

inform researchers in computational linguistics (CL) and language technologies about the linguistic and social aspects of code-switching (C-S) found in multilingual contexts (e.g. Europe and India) and how linguists describe and model them.

interested readers can profit from the insights provided by the studies

The goal of this survey of code-switching

How languages are switched matters

1)  What a (multilingual) speaker is trying to achieve by switching languages can affect its structural outcome. Linguists recognize that pragmatic, interactional, and socio-indexical functions may condition C-S patterns.

2) Czech-English speakers switch to English for highinformation content words in prominent prosodic positions when speaking Czech

3) . Other functions, among these, quoting a speaker, getting the attention of an interlocutor, or reiterating an utterance to soften or intensify a message will also be indicated via C-S in predictable linguistic constructions

Why do speakers code-switch?

The contexts in which people acquire and use multiple languages in Europe are diverse. Some acquire their languages simultaneously from birth, while others acquire them sequentially, either naturally or via explicit instruction. Multilingualism is the norm in many zones where local residents may speak different languages to accommodate their interlocutors. Speakers who use local dialects or minoritized varieties may also be engaged in C-S when switching between their variety and a dominant on

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