The scheme suggests that there are 8 basic emotions, grouped in four pairs of opposites:

- joy/sadness
- affection/disgust
- anger/fear
- expectation/surprise

However, investigators do not yet agree with this number.

One popular scheme of basic emotions

- Cross-cultural similarity and cultural differences in facial expressions
- Facial expression is paralinguistic

Facial expressions have complex functions in communication

- Two categories of facial muscles
- Two cranial nerves
- Facial feedback hypothesis
- Impaired facial expression

Facial expressions are mediated by muscles, cranial nerves, and CNS pathways

- Examining the kinds of emotions by examining different kinds of facial expressions

Michigan State University

New York University

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Theories of emotion
- Evolutionary viewpoint of emotions
- How many emotions are there
- Brain circuits for different emotions
- Neural circuitry of violence and aggression
- Stress and body responses
- Emotions and the immune system

Subjects in emotions, aggression and stress in the brain

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

- Electrical stimulation of the brain, brain lesions, and neural circuitry affect emotion.



Brain circuits for different emotions

How many emotions do we experience

- Aggression
- Androgens seem to increase aggression
- Aggression has several neurochemical correlates
- A topic of controversy

Neural circuitry of violence and aggression

Theories of emotion are frameworks developed to explain how the various components of emotion, such as physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience, interact with one another to produce an emotional state.

Theories of Emotion

- The stress response
- Individual differences in stress responses

Stress and Body Responses

- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- The Immune System
- Psychological Stress and Immunity

Emotions and the Immune System

- Darwin's perspective
- Redican's perspective
- Evolutionary psychology

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