The scheme suggests that there are 8 basic emotions, grouped in four pairs of opposites:

- joy/sadness
- affection/disgust
- anger/fear
- expectation/surprise

However, investigators do not yet agree with this number.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Michigan State University

- Examining the kinds of emotions by examining different kinds of facial expressions

How many emotions do we experience

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

One popular scheme of basic emotions

- Cross-cultural similarity and cultural differences in facial expressions
- Facial expression is paralinguistic

Facial expressions have complex functions in communication

- Two categories of facial muscles
- Two cranial nerves
- Facial feedback hypothesis
- Impaired facial expression

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