PAK1 is activated by RAC, and caffeic acid from propolis has demonstrated its ability to inactivate RAC, consequently inactivating PAK1, which can potentially lead to reduction in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.

Santa Clara University

PAK-1, a pathogenic kinase, is currently a target for COVID-19 therapy as it is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

PAK-1 and COVID-19 

Berretta, A. A., Silveira, M., Cóndor Capcha, J. M., & De Jong, D. (2020). Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 131, 110622. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110622

Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19

PAK1 has the ability to suppress B-cells and T-cells.

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