- Population density
- Migration
- Trade
- Sanitation
- Access to clean water

University of California, Davis

Rapid urbanization has multiple impacts on disease epidemiology, which is the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and disease conditions in a population. Two categories of these factors are:
- Human factors
- Social factors

Urbanization Effects that Influence Disease Epidemiology

Human Factors that Influence Disease Epidemiology

Social factors mainly leads to health inequality, which could enhance disease transmission patterns and rates.
- Socioeconomic status
- Housing
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Education

Social Factors that Influence Disease Epidemiology

- Poor housing leads to proliferation of insect and rodent vector-borne diseases.

- Inadequate water supplies leads to water-borne diseases such as cholera.

- Lack of sanitation facilities and waste management creates breeding ground for pathogens.

- Lack of ventilation systems leads to respiratory tract infections.

- High density of inhabitants can increase the spread of infectious diseases.


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