Because mouse antibodies cannot be used for human diagnostics, humanized monoclonal antibodies can be made. Genetic engineering allows for creating mostly human mAbs that can be used for medical treatments. 

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies with very high specificity to a single epitope. These are produced by B cells from immunized lab animals that were injected with a specific antigen. These B cells are fused with highly replicating cells to continually produce mAbs.

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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