Because mouse antibodies cannot be used for human diagnostics, humanized monoclonal antibodies can be made. Genetic engineering allows for creating mostly human mAbs that can be used for medical treatments. 

Humanized monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies with very high specificity to a single epitope. These are produced by B cells from immunized lab animals that were injected with a specific antigen. These B cells are fused with highly replicating cells to continually produce mAbs.

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Affinity of antibodies is a measure of the binding strength of the antibody's binding site and an epitope. Avidity of antibodies refers to the strength of the of the antibody and antigen complex itself.

Avidity vs. Affinity of Antibodies

B lymphocytes or B cells, mature in the bone marrow and are responsible for the production of glycoproteins called antibodies, or immunoglobulins. 

B Cells in the Adaptive immune response

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Polyclonal antibodies are produced from an animal when exposed to a specific antigen. This process can be used in labs to have animals such as rabbits produce a specific antibodies. Lab animals that produce antibodies are usually injected with antigens twice to produce highly specific antibodies. 

Polyclonal antibodies

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)

The different classifications of B cells include:

- Plasma B Cells
- Memory B Cells
- Naïve Mature B Cells

Learn Before

Related

Learn After