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Illusory Form (Naqsh-e Majaz) and the Divine Ocean in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Poem 44)
In Poem 44 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the concept of 'illusory form' (نقش مجاز - Naqsh-e Majaz) is portrayed as a transient manifestation of the Divine. Attar uses the metaphor of the ocean to represent the Absolute Reality (Haqiqat). Just as a wave or form emerges from the sea and eventually dissolves back into its depths, all worldly phenomena are temporary illusions that arise from and return to the infinite Divine essence. This illustrates the Sufi philosophical view of the ephemeral nature of the material world compared to the eternal reality of God.
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Updated 2026-07-03
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course