- Foreign Policy
- medRxiv
- Nature
- New York Times
- The British Medical Journal
- The Lancet
- United Nations System
- Washington Post

References for Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Global Response to Various Infectious Diseases by Journal/Source

Individuals without means of income during lockdowns in LMICs may be unable to retrieve food, which ultimately threatens adherence to HIV therapy.  Additionally, individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS have been unable to procure antiretrovirals (ARVs) or attend medical appointments due to COVID-19 lockdowns. Yet, with the aforesaid consequences, as well as with breaks in the global supply chain for ARVs, a six-month disruption in HIV efforts could result in over 500,000 additional deaths from AIDS-related illnesses in Sub-Saharan Africa during 2020-2021. In high-burden settings, deaths attributable to HIV over 5 years could increase by up to 10%.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Global Response to HIV/AIDS

In order to control the spread of malaria, high-risk endemic countries habitually provide insecticide-treated nets to their respective populations during door-to-door distribution campaigns. Yet, due to lockdowns in effect, distribution of these vital nets has attenuated in regions endemic to malaria. Even with lockdown-related delays in the production and delivery of malaria medication, the pandemic has accelerated demand for COVID-19 diagnostic tests and therapies. This expanded demand for COVID-19 tests and therapies has further engendered shortages and price increases for malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and active pharmaceutical ingredients in malaria medications. Ultimately, disruptions to malaria prevention and treatment could result in annual malaria deaths doubling to 769,000 in 2020. In high-burden settings, deaths attributable to malaria over 5 years could increase by up to 36%.


Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Global Response to Malaria

As individuals with respiratory complications may fear visiting hospitals and/or clinics during lockdowns due to possible contact with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent exacerbation of their current health conditions, ministries of health in lower- and middle-income countries have reported decreased TB testing. However, once nations ease lockdowns, numerous patients with more advanced stages of TB, both patients with delayed diagnosis and patients with interrupted treatment, will seek care after months of deferring medical consultations. Hence, the Stop TB Partnership estimates that a three-month lockdown and ten-month period of recovery would result in an additional 6.33 million cases of TB and additional 1.37 million deaths from TB globally between 2020 and 2025. In high-burden settings, deaths attributable to TB over 5 years could increase by up to 20%. 

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Global Response to Tuberculosis

Outbreaks of mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, etc. are expected to increase in risk and severity under lockdown conditions. A preprint study modeling this phenomenon found that a partial lockdown, which allows for continued operations of essential services and limited mobility, had worse results than a full lockdown. It cites the increased probability of infected mosquito bites from increased local population density and reduced mobility as the main factor for the observed increase in outbreaks.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Global Response to Infectious Diseases, General

- HIV/AIDS
- Infectious Diseases, General
- Malaria
- Polio
- Tuberculosis (TB)

Smith College

There are worldwide curfews, quarantines, and similar restrictions (variously described as stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns or lockdowns) related to the COVID-19 pandemic and established to prevent further spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns

Wikipedia

The New York Times. (2020, June 24). The pandemic could erase 20 years of progress against tuberculosis, H.I.V. and malaria, an NGO warns. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/world/coronavirus-updates.html

The Pandemic Could Erase 20 Years of Progress against Tuberculosis, H.I.V. and Malaria, an NGO warns

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on the Global Response to Various Infectious Diseases

- NBC news
- World Medical and Health Policy

References for COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns by Source

Slums in India are characterized by overcrowded homes and lack of access to such basic services as water and sanitation. Slum population estimates for India range from 65.5 million to 121 million people. General preventive measures in India such as lockdowns, home quarantine, frequent hand washing, etc will not work for slums due to their high population densities, inadequate services and preexisting conditions. Public health measures that work in slum contexts need to be thought of. In addition, cities need to improve living conditions for urban poor that reside in slums to make these habitats worth living in. 

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