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Impact of Shifting Inflation Expectations

Imagine an economy where for several years, the annual rate of price increase has been stable at 2%, and both businesses and workers have come to expect this rate to continue. Now, suppose the central bank makes a credible announcement that it will pursue policies leading to a 5% annual rate of price increase. Explain how this change in expectations would likely affect the wage demands of workers and the pricing decisions of firms in the upcoming year, even before the actual rate of price increase changes.

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Updated 2025-10-08

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