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Although the APA results section lacks standard subsections, it must follow a logical organizational progression. It typically begins by addressing preliminary issues, such as clarifying whether any participants or responses were excluded from the analysis and the rationale for doing so. It also explains how multiple responses were combined to compute the primary variables and reports the outcomes of any manipulation checks. Once these preliminary issues are established, the section systematically tackles the primary research questions, often organizing them from the most general question to more specific ones.

Organization of the APA Results Section

In the preliminary portion of an APA-style Results section, researchers must clearly document whether any participants or specific responses were omitted from the statistical analyses. It is essential to explicitly state the rationale for these exclusions so that readers and other researchers can evaluate whether the decision to remove the data was methodologically appropriate.

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