In the fall of her first-grade year, Amy’s IEP provided that she would be educated in a regular classroom at Furnace Woods, would continue to use the FM hearing aid, would receive instruction from a tutor for the deaf for one hour a day, and would receive instruction from a speech therapist for three hours a week. Amy’s parents insisted that Amy should be provided a qualified sign-language interpreter in all her classes, as this service had been provided to her during the kindergarten trial period. At the time, however, the interpreter reported that Amy did not further require his services to continue her education. When their request for an interpreter was denied, the Rowleys demanded a hearing before an independent examiner, who sided with the school board in that Amy did not need an interpreter. The examiner’s decision was affirmed on appeal by the New York Commissioner of Education.