Resident microbiota can serve to protect the body against harmful pathogens, such as by competing with opportunistic pathogens (taking up binding sites and competing for resources) prevents pathogen attachment and proliferation. They can also contribute to chemical defenses. The disruption of microbiota can increase susceptibility to infection.

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Types of physical defenses in the innate immune response include:
- Physical barriers
- Mechanical defenses
- Microbiome

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Types of Innate Immune Physical Defenses

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Physical Defenses of Nonspecific Innate Immunity (Table 17.2). Reprinted from OpenStax Microbiology (p. 691), by N. Parker, M. Shneegurt, A.-h. Thi Tu, B. M. Forester, and P. Lister, 2016, Rice University. Copyright 2016 by Rice University.

Physical Defenses of Nonspecific Innate Immunity Table

Types of physical barriers in innate immune physical defenses include:
- The skin barrier
- Mucous membranes
- Endothelial cells

Innate Immune Physical Defenses: Types of Physical Barriers

Types of mechanical defenses in innate immune physical defenses include:
- Skin shedding
- Mucociliary escalator
- Peristalsis
- Flushing action of urine and tears

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