Physical Defenses of Nonspecific Innate Immunity (Table 17.2). Reprinted from OpenStax Microbiology (p. 691), by N. Parker, M. Shneegurt, A.-h. Thi Tu, B. M. Forester, and P. Lister, 2016, Rice University. Copyright 2016 by Rice University. Retrieved from https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/17-1-physical-defenses

Physical Defenses of Nonspecific Innate Immunity Table

Types of physical barriers in innate immune physical defenses include:
- The skin barrier
- Mucous membranes
- Endothelial cells

Innate Immune Physical Defenses: Types of Physical Barriers

Types of mechanical defenses in innate immune physical defenses include:
- Skin shedding
- Mucociliary escalator
- Peristalsis
- Flushing action of urine and tears

Innate Immune Physical Defenses: Types of Mechanical Defenses

Resident microbiota can serve to protect the body against harmful pathogens, such as by competing with opportunistic pathogens (taking up binding sites and competing for resources) prevents pathogen attachment and proliferation. They can also contribute to chemical defenses. The disruption of microbiota can increase susceptibility to infection.

Innate Immune Physical Defenses: Microbiome

Types of physical defenses in the innate immune response include:
- Physical barriers
- Mechanical defenses
- Microbiome

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University of Notre Dame

Physical defenses are the body's most basic form of defense in nonspecific innate immunity. Through physical barriers, mechanical defenses, and the microbiome, the body is able to prevent microbes from moving to infection-vulnerable areas of the body and compete with pathogens for binding sites that can facilitate infection.

(Photo credits in References)

Physical Defenses of the Innate Immune Response

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