The cochlea is the snail shaped structure within the inner ear of mammals. It is filled with two types of fluid, perilymph and endolymph. There are three parallel canals of the cochlea filled with the noncompressible fluid, which responds to pushes on the oval window. The pushes require the round window to act as protection for the cochlea.

Cochlea

The round window seperates the scala tympani from the middle ear. It is a second layer of protection between the oval window and the base of the cochlea spiral. When the oval window pushes, there needs to be a protective second-membrane window that allows for an amount of pressure and expansion without causing harm. 

The round window of the inner ear

Components that convert sound into neural activity. It has three main structures
- sensory cells
- supporting cells
- termination of auditory fibers

Organ of Corti

The cochlea contains fluid that moves when the stapes presses against its oval window. This fluid movement leads to the enlargement of hair cells embedded in the basilar membrane.

The semicircular canals are structures located within the inner ear that are primarily involved in balance and movement, contributing to the vestibular sense.

Semicircular Canals

The oval window of the cochlea receives pressure from the stapes as the ossicles move. This pressing action causes the fluid inside the cochlea to move.

Oval Window

The vestibule is the central chamber of the inner ear's bony labyrinth, connecting the cochlea with the semicircular canals. As shown in the diagram of the vestibular system, it contains the saccule and utricle.

Vestibule

The vestibular system includes three semicircular canals—the posterior, horizontal, and superior canals. These are fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear, oriented on different planes to detect the head's rotational movements, which is essential for maintaining balance.

Semicircular canals

Based on the following case study, identify the major section of the ear that is most likely affected and explain your reasoning by connecting the patient's symptoms to the functions of that region.

Diagnosing Sensory Deficits

The inner ear is the innermost part of the ear. It contains the semi-circular canals, which are involved in balance and the vestibular sense, and the cochlea, which houses the sensory cells for hearing.

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Grinnell College

The ear is anatomically divided into three main sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each section contains distinct components that contribute to the overall process of hearing.

Physical Structures of the Ear

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

The outer ear is the most external section of the auditory system, which includes the visible pinna, the auditory canal that channels sound inward, and the tympanic membrane (eardrum) at its end.

Outer Ear

The middle ear is the central section of the ear, situated between the eardrum and the inner ear. It contains three tiny bones collectively known as the ossicles: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).

Middle Ear

Inner Ear

The process of hearing involves three sequential functions: (1) collecting and channeling sound waves, (2) amplifying the vibrations from these waves through a mechanical system, and (3) converting the amplified vibrations into neural signals for the brain. Which option correctly attributes these functions to the three main anatomical sections of the ear?

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