Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia is the most widely used and recommended psychological treatment for chronic insomnia. CBT-I uses interventions involving sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and cognitive therapy. CBT-I is moderately effective, but may not address hyper-arousal, which is known as a perpetuating factor for insomnia. If CBT-I is not effective in reducing hyper-arousal, then Mindfulness-Based Therapy should be used as treatment for chronic insomnia. MBTI uses the development of a metacognitive process and meditation practice to reduce cognitive and physiological hyper-arousal.Through the improvement of maladaptive thinking instead of challenging content directly, MBTI is ideal to improve sleep for those who do not respond to CBT-I.