This network includes the amygdala, anterior insula (AI), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). It is involved in present moment awareness. 

Salience and emotion network (SEN)

This network includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). It is involved in shifting and sustaining attentional focus.

Central executive network (CEN)

This network includes the mesial prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the hippocampus, the precuneus, the inferior parietal lobe,  the temporal lobe, and the angular gyrus.

Brain regions involved in default mode network (DMN)

There are 3 large scale neural networks in the brain that play a role in mindfulness. Neural networks consist of many interconnected neurons. These systems take input information, accumulate it, and then help us with certain processes. This brain function is similar to how computers function, different parts with different duties come together to form a whole. 


University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Trait mindfulness is centered around the idea of living in the present moment. It emphasizes living a nonjudgemental life, and it can also refer to the level of mindfulness experienced by a person during everyday activities. 

Trait/Dispositional Mindfulness

Marusak HA, Elrahal F, Peters CA, Kundu P, Lombardo MV, Calhoun VD, Goldberg EK, Cohen C, Taub JW, Rabinak CA. Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents. Behav Brain Res. 2018 Jan 15;336:211-218. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.010.

Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and
adolescents

Interactions between 3 large scale neural networks  involved in mindfulness

Since mindfulness is a Buddhist practice, it emphasizes the well-being of the self from a holistic perspective. This is consistent with research that has been found stating that dispositional mindfulness influences physical health conditions such as pain, medical symptomatology, and functional quality of life, as well as, mental health. 

The Benefits of Dispositional Mindfulness in Physical Health 

The study of Dispositional Mindfulness within the lens of Neurobiology. In more specific terms, figuring out what brain functions correspond to the activation of Dispositional Mindfulness.

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