When the Default mode network, Salience and emotion network, and Central executive network connect in different ways this results in different categorized brain states (as per this study). This connectivity can be positive, which means an excitatory connection, or negative, which means an inhibitory connection.

Connectivity between the neural networks results in different brain states

This network includes the amygdala, anterior insula (AI), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). It is involved in present moment awareness. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

There are 3 large scale neural networks in the brain that play a role in mindfulness. Neural networks consist of many interconnected neurons. These systems take input information, accumulate it, and then help us with certain processes. This brain function is similar to how computers function, different parts with different duties come together to form a whole. 


Interactions between 3 large scale neural networks  involved in mindfulness

Marusak HA, Elrahal F, Peters CA, Kundu P, Lombardo MV, Calhoun VD, Goldberg EK, Cohen C, Taub JW, Rabinak CA. Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents. Behav Brain Res. 2018 Jan 15;336:211-218. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.010.

Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and
adolescents

Salience and emotion network (SEN)

This network includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). It is involved in shifting and sustaining attentional focus.

Central executive network (CEN)

This network includes the mesial prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the hippocampus, the precuneus, the inferior parietal lobe,  the temporal lobe, and the angular gyrus.

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