Concept

Jami's Defense of Poetic Borrowing: Salman Savaji's Reworking of the Masters' Meanings

In his Baharestan notice on Salman Savaji, Jami praises him as an eloquent poet, unrivaled in the smoothness of his phrasing (salasat) and the precision of his allusions, who wrote answers (javab) to the qasidas of the masters — some surpassing the originals, some falling short, some equal. Jami observes that Salman carried many of the earlier masters' meanings (ma'ani), especially those of Kamal Isma'il, into his own verse. He then states the critical principle: because Salman recast these borrowed meanings in a better form (surat-i khubtar) and a more pleasing style (uslub-i marghubtar), it is not a place for reproach or blame (mahall-i ta'n va malamat nist). Jami illustrates this with the image of good meaning as a pure-bodied beloved whom it is an art to strip of a worn woolen cloak and clothe anew in satin. This concept isolates Jami's yardstick for legitimate poetic emulation and reuse: taking over another poet's meaning is honorable, not plagiarism, when the reworking improve...

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course