Concept

Jami's Reconciliation of Divine Obligation and Determinism through Immutable Essences (A'yan al-Thabita)

In 'Subhat al-Abrar' (part of the 'Haft Awrang'), Jami addresses the theological dilemma of why God obligates humans with commands and prohibitions if their choices are ultimately determined or compelled. He reconciles this by appealing to the Akbarian doctrine of the A'yan al-Thabita (Immutable Essences or Archetypes).

According to this view, God eternally determined the unique latent essences and inherent aptitudes (isti'dad) of all beings. Religious obligations are not arbitrary impositions that force creatures against their nature; instead, they serve as the necessary external conditions that allow each individual's eternal, latent essence to manifest in the physical world. Thus, divine commands act as a catalyst for actualizing the servant's pre-established nature, aligning religious obligation with the cosmic order rather than contradicting divine determinism.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course