Poem

بخش ۴۰ - در بیان جواب از سؤالی که چون بنده مختار در اختیار خود مجبور باشد اختیار وی به جبر راجع شود پس حکمت تکلیف وی به اوامر و نواهی چه باشد / Section 40 - In explaining the answer to a question: since the free servant is compelled in his free will, his free will refers back to determinism; so what is the wisdom of his being obligated by commands and prohibitions?

Original content

گر تو گویی چو بنده مامور
هست در اختیار خود مجبور

اختیارش به جبر شد راجع
وان بود امر و نهی را مانع

کس نگوید به سنگ کز لب بام
چون بیفتی مکن به خاک مقام

یا ز پستی هوای بالا کن
از بن کوه بر سرش جا کن

کس نگوید به آب کز تگ چاه
مطلب بی رسن به بالا راه

یا چو دلو از رسن شود پاره
به تگ چه رود دگر باره

گویمت نکته ای به وجه صواب
که شود زین سؤال صعب جواب

حق چو تعیین جمله اعیان کرد
صفت هر یکی دگرسان کرد

ساخت احوالشان به هم مربوط
شد یکی شرط و دیگری مشروط

خوردن نان نهاد شرط شبع
خوف و امید شرط زهد و ورع

بهر آن کرد امر و نهی عباد
تا شود ظاهر انقیاد و عناد

زاید از انقیاد حب و رضا
وز خلاف و عناد سؤ قضا

زید را گرنه نهی بودی و امر
در ادای زکات و خوردن خمر

کی شدی پیش غایب و حاضر
انقیاد و عناد او ظاهر

زان چشیدی عواید درجات
زین کشیدی شداید درکات

زان پدید آمدی صفات جمال
زین هویدا شدی نعوت جلال

ور نه در دست زید نبود کار
نیست در فعل و ترک آن مختار

اختیاری چنانک هر چه خدا
خواست کارد ز فعل و ترک بجا

او تواند خلاف آن کردن
غیر آن را به ظاهر آوردن

بود پیش از وجود ما شیطان
در میان فرشتگان پنهان

بود از جنس جن و لعنت او
مستجن بود در جبلت او

تا نشد امر اسجدوا صادر
نشد آن سر مستجن ظاهر

بس بود امر و نهی شرط ظهور
فعل ها را ز بنده مامور

نی پی آنکه بنده را در دست
اختیار تمام و کامل هست

English translation

If you say that since the commanded servant Is compelled in his own free will, His free will refers back to determinism, And that prevents commands and prohibitions. No one tells a stone that from the edge of the roof, When you fall, do not take residence on the dirt. Or from lowness, desire the heights, From the bottom of the mountain, make your place at its peak. No one tells the water that from the bottom of the well, Do not seek the way up without a rope. Or when the bucket is broken from the rope, It goes to the bottom of the well once again. I tell you a point in the right way That will be the answer to this difficult question. When the Truth determined all the entities, He made the attribute of each one different. He made their states connected to each other, One became the condition and the other the conditioned. He set eating bread as the condition for satiety, Fear and hope as the condition for asceticism and piety. He gave commands and prohibitions to the servants for this reason: So that submission and obstinacy would become manifest. From submission is born love and contentment, And from opposition and obstinacy, the evil of decree. If Zayd had no prohibition and command In paying alms and drinking wine, How would his submission and obstinacy Become manifest before the absent and the present? From that he would taste the benefits of high degrees, From this he would suffer the hardships of the lowest depths. From that the attributes of beauty would appear, From this the qualities of majesty would be revealed. Otherwise, the affair is not in Zayd's hand; He is not the chooser in doing or leaving it. A choice such that whatever God Willed, he carries out in doing and leaving. He can do its opposite, To bring the other to appearance. Before our existence, Satan was Hidden among the angels. He was of the jinn species, and his curse Was hidden in his nature. Until the command 'Prostrate' was issued, That hidden secret did not become manifest. Thus, commands and prohibitions are the condition for the manifestation Of actions from the commanded servant. Not for the reason that the servant has in his hand Complete and perfect free will.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course

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