Poem

بخش ۳۹ - در بیان آنکه در کلام سابق مذکور شد منافی اثبات اختیار آدمی نیست و در تحقیق معنی اختیار و جبر / Section 39 - On Explaining That What Was Mentioned in the Previous Discourse Does Not Contradict the Proof of Human Free Will, and on Investigating the Meaning of Free Will and Determinism

Original content

نبرد فعل را چه خیر و چه شر
آنچه گفتم ز اختیار بدر

آن بود اختیار در هر کار
که بود فاعل اندر آن مختار

معنی اختیار فاعل چیست
آنکه فاعل چو فعل را نگریست

ایزد اندر دلش به فضل و رشاد
درک خیریت وجود نهاد

یعنی آنش به دیده خیر نمود
کاید آن فعل از عدم به وجود

منبعث شد ازان ارادت و خواست
کرد ایجاد فعل و بی کم و کاست

درک خیریت اختیار بود
وان به تعلیم کردگار بود

هر چه این علم و خواست شد سببش
اختیاری نهد خرد لقبش

وانچه باشد بدون این اسباب
اضطراریست نام او دریاب

باشد از اختیار و قدرت دور
فاعل آن بود بر آن مجبور

همچو برگ درخت و شاخ شجر
که بجنبد ز باد شام و سحر

هر که در فعل خود بود مختار
فعل او دور باشد از اجبار

گرچه از جبر فعل او دور است
اندر آن اختیار مجبور است

ورچه بی اختیار کارش نیست
اختیار اندر اختیارش نیست

English translation

What I said does not take the act, whether good or evil, outside of free will. Free will in every matter is that the doer has choice in it. What is the meaning of the doer's free will? It is that when the doer looked at the act, God, through grace and guidance, placed in his heart the perception of the goodness of its existence. Meaning, He showed it to his eyes as good, so that the act may come from non-existence into existence. From that, intention and desire were aroused; he brought the act into existence without any deficiency. The perception of goodness is free will, and that was by the teaching of the Creator. Whatever this knowledge and desire caused, the intellect gives it the title of voluntary. And whatever is without these causes, realize that its name is compulsory. It is far from free will and power; its doer is compelled to do it. Like the leaf of a tree and the branch of a sapling, which moves by the evening and morning wind. Whoever has free will in his action, his action is far from compulsion. Although his action is far from compulsion, he is compelled in that free will. And although his deed is not without free will, free will is not within his free will.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course

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