Show significantly improved survival among patients in the hydroxychloroquine alone and hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin group compared with groups not receiving hydroxychloroquine and those receiving azithromycin alone.

-  suggest that the enhanced survival in the hydroxychloroquine alone group persists all the way out to 28 days from admission

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- 2,541 consecutive patients were included in the analyses with a median age of 64, 51% male, 56% African American 

- 52% of patients had BMI greater than or equal to 30

Overall crude mortality rates were equal to 18.1% in the cohort.
- 13.5% (hydroxychorloquine only)
- 20.1% (hydroxychorloquine + azithromycin)
- 22.4% (azithromycin alone)
- 26.4% (no drug, p<0.001)

Results of Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Primary causes:
- 88% respiratory failure
- 4% cardiac arrest 
- 8% other cardiopulmonary arrest/multi-organ failure


Multivariable Cox regression model with no drug as reference:
- treatment with hydroxychloroquine alone decreased mortality hazard ratio 66% (p<0.001) and 71% (p<0.001) with hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin


Significant predictors of mortality:
- age > 65 years
- white race
- lower O2 saturation on admission
- ventilator use during admission

Mortality in Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

190 hydroxychloroquine patients exactly matched up with 190 corresponding non-hydroxychloroquine treated patients based on the exact underlying propensity score.


-  Cox regression result for the two propensity matched groups indicates that treatment with hydroxychloroquine resulted in a mortality hazard ratio decrease of 51% (p = 0.009)

- Kaplan–Meier survival curves within the propensity matched setting displayed significantly better survival in the hydroxychloroquine treated group, with the enhanced survival persisting all the way out to 28 days from admission

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