Show significantly improved survival among patients in the hydroxychloroquine alone and hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin group compared with groups not receiving hydroxychloroquine and those receiving azithromycin alone.

-  suggest that the enhanced survival in the hydroxychloroquine alone group persists all the way out to 28 days from admission

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- 2,541 consecutive patients were included in the analyses with a median age of 64, 51% male, 56% African American 

- 52% of patients had BMI greater than or equal to 30

Overall crude mortality rates were equal to 18.1% in the cohort.
- 13.5% (hydroxychorloquine only)
- 20.1% (hydroxychorloquine + azithromycin)
- 22.4% (azithromycin alone)
- 26.4% (no drug, p<0.001)

Results of Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Primary causes:
- 88% respiratory failure
- 4% cardiac arrest 
- 8% other cardiopulmonary arrest/multi-organ failure


Multivariable Cox regression model with no drug as reference:
- treatment with hydroxychloroquine alone decreased mortality hazard ratio 66% (p<0.001) and 71% (p<0.001) with hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin


Significant predictors of mortality:
- age > 65 years
- white race
- lower O2 saturation on admission
- ventilator use during admission

Mortality in Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

In a propensity score-matched analysis of COVID-19 patients, 190 individuals treated with hydroxychloroquine were exactly matched with 190 untreated patients. The analysis demonstrated:

* A 51% decrease in the mortality hazard ratio for the hydroxychloroquine group based on Cox regression ($$p = 0.009$$).
* Significantly improved survival in the hydroxychloroquine group as shown by Kaplan–Meier survival curves, with enhanced survival persisting up to 28 days from admission.

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