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Case Study

Language Model Scaling Problem

A development team has successfully built a language model using a standard self-attention architecture. The model performs well when processing texts up to 512 tokens in length. However, when they attempt to use the exact same architecture to process legal documents that are 8192 tokens long, they consistently encounter 'out-of-memory' errors, and the processing time for a single document becomes prohibitively long. Based on the computational properties of the model's core mechanism, what is the fundamental reason for this dramatic failure to scale?

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Updated 2025-09-26

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