Unlike other studies, Nkomo’s focuses on a 3rd world country, while previous research has focused on “developed countries” which supports this phenomenon by highlighting its not a developed country problem or an interaction between Lead and a confounding variable localized to 1st world countries, additionally South Africa also suffers from continual lead use in “medicine” and “traditional ammunition” in turn its hasn’t been fazed out and it’s affecting people continuously with the median blood level for the sample at 5.6 ug/dL (p<.001) (136-137). Most importantly, however, blood lead levels were significantly related to physical violence (p < .0001) and for those with “BLLs ranging from 5 to 9.99μg/dL were associated with physical violence (p= 0.03) and BLLs ≥ 10μg/dL were associated physical violence and ghting (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively)”