- May be either presynaptic, postsynaptic, or both kinds of changes in the brain
- More neurotransmitters are released 
- Number of receptors increases
- Inputs from other neurons---> increased depolarization or hyperpolarization

Synaptic Plasticity- Changes in the Brain 

Different forms of both learning and memory can be found by simply examining the ways in which these forms fail. This can be done through clinical studies that discover the mechanisms of the brain that surround learning and memory.

Functional Perspectives on Learning and Memory

There are multiple cellular and physiological underpinnings that surround memory. The existing synapses in the brain can be altered due to new learning which creates biochemical signals that are involved in those synaptic changes. This connects to memory because the formation of new memories involves additions of new synapses or new neurons.

Neural mechanisms of memory storage

Implicit memories are a type of long-term memory that exists outside of conscious awareness. Although they are learned unconsciously and cannot be deliberately recalled, their existence is demonstrated through an individual's performance on certain tasks. These memories can influence both observable behaviors and cognitive processes without conscious recognition. A key characteristic is that individuals usually cannot articulate or put these memories into words that adequately describe the learned task or knowledge.

Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory

- Functional perspectives on learning and memory
- Brain regions for Nondeclarative memory
- Neural mechanisms of memory storage
- How Learning and Memory changes with Age

New York University

- Levels of analysis
- Neurons
- Brain
- Learning and Memory
- Attention and Higher Cognition
- Language and Lateralization

Focuses of cognitive neuroscience

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Topics can be studied from many perspectives, which can all yield their own respective insight into the bigger picture (each can contribute a new "dimension" of understanding).

Levels of analysis

Functioning as the central building blocks and core information processors of the nervous system, neurons are interconnected cells essential for all tasks the system performs. The human brain contains around 100 billion neurons at birth. Their role encompasses everything from simple reflexes to complex cognitive functions.

Neurons

The expanded, front section of the central nervous system located within the skull. It is an incredibly intricate organ made up of billions of interconnected neurons and glial cells. The brain is a bilateral structure, meaning it has two sides, and can be divided into distinct lobes. Each lobe is linked to specific functions, but all parts of the brain work together to underpin our thoughts and behaviors.

Brain

- Functional perspecitves on learning and memory
- Brain regions for Nondeclarative memory
- Neural mechanisms of memory storage
- How Learning and Memory changes with Age 
- Consolidation of Memories

Learning and Memory

Language is a highly specialized form of communication. Most language is lateralized in the left hemisphere of the brain, while the right side deals with spatial cognition.

Language and Lateralization

Attention is the process by which we select or focus on specific stimuli for better processing and analysis.

Learn Before

Related

Learn After