- If participants are expected to teach on learning, but in reality, they did not teach, they would still retain more free recall and organized information than the participants who were not told to teach.

"Expecting to teach enhances learning..." (Nestojo et al. , 2014)

- The traditional measure of clustering free recall has issues on consistency of recalled categories, numbers of items recalled, and the distribution of categories → cannot compare within and between subjects

- Thus, ARC is used to measure clustering recall

Errors of Traditional Measures Before Adjusted Ratio of Clustering (ARC)

- LSA is a theory and method of using a contextual meaning of words from a large body of texts into mathematical, statistical computation (Colorado University Boulder, 2015; Landauer, 1998)

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)

Claremont Graduate University

Visually representing knowledge to facilitate its communication.
It can be done using a computer or not.

Knowledge Visualization

Knowledge Visualization Reference

User's Experience Measurements

Learning Measurements

- Knowledge Visualization Sketches
- Knowledge Visualization Diagrams
- Knowledge Visualization Images
- Knowledge Visualization Maps
- Knowledge Visualization Objects
- Knowledge Interactive Visualizations
- Knowledge Visualization Visions/Stories

Types of Knowledge Visualization

Help learners demonstrate logical and structural understanding of distinct concepts for critical thinking, knowledge representation, and meaning-making processes

Cognitive tools

- Positive interdependence
- Individual and group accountability
- Promotive interaction
- Appropriate use of required interpersonal and small group skills
- Group processing

Core components of Collaborative Learning 

Mind map is a network of connected and related concepts. The connections in mind map is free-form and any idea could be connected to any other as long as there is certain association between ideas.

Mind Mapping

- Lists
- Hypertext
- Hybrid Maps
- Concept Maps
- Mind Maps
- Knowledge Maps
- Argument Maps
- Decision Trees
- Cognitive Maps
- Conceptual Diagrams
- Visual Metaphors
- Venn Diagrams
- Fishbone Diagrams
- Tree Diagrams
- Causal Diagrams
- Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)
- Affinity Diagrams

Learn Before

Related

Learn After