levels, as a game element, are a gradient of goals or statuses that a user can achieve. Levels were used in 3.1% of health/fitness applications (among the Top 50 health/fitness mobile apps in 2019).

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- Goal Setting
- Social Influence
- Challenges
- Points
- Levels

Game Elements used in Top 50 Health/Fitness Applications

Cotton, V., & Patel, M. S. (2019). Gamification use and design in popular health and fitness mobile applications. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(3), 448-451.


Gamification use and design in popular health and fitness mobile applications

Goals, as a game element, are measure or targets used to encourage users to reach a level of performance. Goal setting was used in 78.1% of health/fitness applications that feature game elements (among the Top 50 health/fitness mobile apps in 2019). 

Goal Setting in Health/Fitness Applications

Social influence, as a game element, is the displaying of performance or capacity for communication between users. Social influence was used in 78.1% of health/fitness applications that feature game elements (among the Top 50 health/fitness mobile apps in 2019)

Social Influence in Health/Fitness Applications

Challenges, as a game element, are goals or competitions that are subject to a time limit. Challenges were used in 62.5% of health/fitness applications (among the Top 50 health/fitness mobile apps in 2019).

Challenges in Health/Fitness Applications

Points, as a game element, are tallied to help the user progress through the system or can be redeemed for awards. points were used in 6.3% of health/fitness applications (among the Top 50 health/fitness mobile apps in 2019).

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