Concept

Limitations of Freud's Biological Determinism and the Sociocultural Shift in Psychoanalysis

Freud's emphasis on biological drives was challenged by his followers, who found it insufficient to explain the human diversity they observed as psychoanalysis expanded, particularly during the era of the Nazi Holocaust. The widespread antisemitism of that period is thought to have influenced mainstream psychoanalysts to shift their focus toward the universal aspects of the mind's psychological structures, moving away from a purely biological explanation of personality.

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Updated 2025-10-04

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Ch.11 Personality - Psychology @ OpenStax

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