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Low-Resource Scenario in Natural Language Processing

The topic of low resource languages and domains has grown in popularity in recent years. One of the most significant open problems in NLP is the availability of large-scale data for training and improving data-hungry deep learning models and transformers in low-resource scenarios.

Low-resource scenarios include not only data unavailability caused by a threatened language, but also scenarios where the task is domain specific even when using a popular NLP language.

The current state of NLP: There is a significant opportunity to reach millions of speakers who do not have access to higher-level NLP applications.

In a Low resource scenario, different works assume various types of data scarcity. The dimensions of resource availability broadly classified as following. These categories aid in determining whether a particular method is applicable in a given low-resource situation.

  • Task-specific Labels

    • Most important dimension
    • Created using Manual Annotation
    • It is time intensive
    • Requires experts for annotation
  • Unlabeled Text

    • Important for input embeddings and pre-trained language models
    • It contains both language or domain-specific text
  • Auxiliary Data

    • Found in many forms like labels in different languages, knowledge bases, machine translations
    • Absence of this data can make approaches non-applicable

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Updated 2025-10-06

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Natural language processing

Data Science

Foundations of Large Language Models Course

Computing Sciences

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